Essay on International Crime - 1990 Words

CJ509-01NA: Comparative Criminal Justice Systems Professor: Unit 9: International Perspectives on Corrections and Juvenile Justice - Final Written Assignment February 15, 2011 Abstract: Throughout the term we have encompassed an array of information pertaining to international criminal justice practices. The examination of past, present, and future trends facing global justice systems has led us to embark on research and topics for many different countries. This paper will cover the topics of social phenomenon, social behavior, legal traditions of contemporary society, Interpol and Europol, and what is forthcoming for future trends in international criminal justice practices. The difference in studying crime as a social†¦show more content†¦Because lately Nigeria has been one of the top countries that has been listed in the forefront of the news for scams that have cost many individuals across the world money a closer look have been taken to prohibit these types of cybercrimes. Crimes people place among others throughout any organizations and society does affect the social and psychological motives on the person. The issues of international crimes help to explain the social and psychological motives throughout the globe. The images of social behavior help improve both theoretical and psychological motives that created individuals organizations to help to prevent violence throughout society. According to Reichel the comparative criminology does focus through social and psychological behaviors through community. The future of these cybercrimes is uncertain; furthermore, the more technology seems to increase the more technical and savvy criminals be come. When considering the legal traditions of contemporary society a person would have to take into consideration many different attributes to determine the legal traditions. With reference to my personal opinion the three primary legal traditions are Common law, Religious law, and Contemporary law. â€Å"An argument can be made that a fourth tradition, socialist, exists on its own right but can also be considered and argued to be a part of civil law† (Reichel, 2008).Common law had its basisShow MoreRelatedDomestic And International Measures Of International Crime1027 Words   |  5 PagesBoth domestic and international measures are somewhat effective in dealing with international crime. Both crimes against the international community and Transnational crimes represent both positive outcomes in dealing with international crime, thus, exemplify issues in key areas. Through intergovernmental organizations such as the International Criminal Court and Operation Sovereign Borders (OSB) , international crime Is effectively dealt with. Hence, problems such as extradition and people smugglingRead MoreInternational Criminal Court : An International Tribunal Focused On International Crime1328 Words   |  6 PagesThe International Criminal Court in Den Haag, known as the ICC is the first, and only, permanent international tribunal focused specifically on international crime. Originally established in 2002, the ICC was established with the responsibility of investigating, charging, and prosecuting individuals suspected of ordering or committing genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. ICC was established with the adoption of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court in at a diplomaticRead MoreThe International Organization Structure Of Organized And White Collar Crimes Essay2217 Words   |  9 Pagesfamiliar with crimes that deal with funding for terrorism or the violation of human rights in America. These crimes have increased in terms of size of groups, offenders, and activities over the past ten years. Organized and white collar crime are two of the most underrated crimes in the world. Why is this important to me is the question that most citizens will ask? A lot of individual aren’t aware of legislations or regulations created that apply to organized and white-collar crimes. This paperRead MoreWhat Is The Crime Of Aggression Is International Law2469 Words   |  10 Pagesis the crime of aggression in international law Introduction The Rome Statute marked historic moments of consensus in international criminal law in 2002 as it entered into force. The first permanent international criminal Court (ICC) was established with the main aim of ending impunity, promoting judicial independency and reaffirming the position of the United Nations Charter (UNC). The mandate of the Court is to try individuals and to hold such persons accountable for the most serious crimes of concernRead MoreThe Uniform Crime Report Is Perceived By The International Association Of Chiefs Of Police770 Words   |  4 PagesUniform Crime Report also knowns as the UCR, is a program that was perceived by the International Association of Chiefs of Police in 1929. This program was essentially created to provide consistent, uniform crime statistics. Around 1930, Congress sanctioned the U.S. attorney general to assess crime in the United States (NACJD, 2010). Thus allowing the UCR program to get underway, tasking the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI), with the jobs of gathering, circulating, and archiving all crime statisticsRead MoreGlobal Crimes Cause Global Issues That Affect The National And International Justice System933 Words   |  4 PagesGlobal crimes cause global issues that affect the national and international justice system. For more than 20 years , as the world economy has globalized, so has its illicit counterpart. The international impact of global crime has risen to record levels. The increase in international crime represents the dark side of globalization. Transnational criminal organizations have utilized ever-changing technologies and adapted intricate network structures that are difficult to trace and stop, and have expandedRead MoreGlobal Crimes Cause Global Issues That Affect The National And International Justice System1187 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction Global crimes cause global issues that affect the national and international justice system. For more than 20 years, as the world economy has globalized, so has its illicit counterpart. The international impact of global crime has risen to record levels. The increase in international crime represents the dark side of globalization. Transnational criminal organizations have utilized ever-changing technologies and adapted intricate network structures that are difficultRead MoreGenocide : An International Crime2054 Words   |  9 PagesGenocide is a horrific, systematic destruction of people that affects the international community because of its severity and violation of human rights. Genocide is considered an international crime because its consequences rattle the world. Genocide can occur for many reasons. The reasons vary from a group feeling threatened, to sending a warning to others, or to simply gain power among the community. Another reason for the occurrence of genocide ma y be to gain wealth, whether it is economicalRead MoreWhat Is International Crime Victimization1427 Words   |  6 Pageshas been consistent research throughout many countries with the International Crime victimization survey that has found that victims are less pleased with law enforcement than the general population (Van Dijk et al., 2007). This is an issue that not just Israel, but police in the United States of America must deal with. The Israeli government has implanted changes in trying to give victims’ rights most notably with the â€Å"Victims of Crime Rights Act† (Sebba and Gal, 2003). This allowed victims to beRead MoreHuman Trafficking Has Become An International Crime1249 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to dictionary.com, human trafficking is the illegal practice of procuring or trading in human beings for the purpose of prostitution, forced labor, or other forms of exploitation. Human trafficking has become an international crime, affecting the lives of m en, women, and children. There are several motives for human trafficking, but in Nepal, trafficking is mainly concentrated on domestic work and prostitution. While most people wouldn’t associate disease and post-traumatic stress disorder

Essay Plastec Strategic Comp - 1566 Words

Strategic Compensation Plan for Machine Operators: Plastec Company Case Study Webster University Strategic Compensation Plan for Machine Operators: Plastec Company Case Study Over the last 18 months, Paul, Director of HR, has faced many challenges within Plastec Company regarding high turnover rates, discrimination and much needed training, along with other various human resource concerns. The organizational culture has thus improved. In effort to keep that momentum, Paul is currently developing a strategic compensation plan for the company’s machine operators. This plan will help Paul to better understand how Plastec compares with other area employers in terms of wages and benefits, and develop†¦show more content†¦This could potentially lead to friction in the workplace. Tensions could arise around suspected â€Å"free riders† or poorly performing employees, which would prevent the team from making their quota and or receiving the reward. However, Paul must first research the legality of measuring a particular variable and ensure that the minimum pay is compliant with the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) and the Equal Pay Act (EPA). Pay rates must be compliant with the Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007, as well as the overreaching rules of the FLSA, where the current minimum wage is $7.25 per hour. To maintain compliance, Plastec must demonstrate that the combined base salary and average variable salary amounts equal the minimum wage (Mathis, Jackson, Valentine, p371). Additionally, the company must be cognizant of the factors determining over time compensation and properly classify employees under FLSA. Plastec might want to offer a base salary plus commission; however, this type of variable salary is not available for many employees due to FLSA standards for determining exempt or non-exempt status. In a situation like Plastec’s where they are working with hourly wage employees who are non-exempt, they will have to determine a fair hourly rate and pay overtime for employees in addition to any incentive pay for production. This is where employers are at the greatest risk for abuse. Hourly employees need to be monitored to ensure that the additional production is happening during

Significance of Music Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Shakespeare Literature. Answer: Significance of music in the play the Tempest Introduction The Tempest is one of the plays of William Shakespeare that has included a lot of singing and dancing in its narrative. There is at least one musical element in every act. The scope of the entire play is on a deserted island that is inhabited by just three people. In such a case, music adds a sense of solemnity for the audience that is there to witness the play. Also, the music has a strange pleasing effect on Caliban, who has been portrayed as rude and uneducated. Caliban is seen to be getting fascinated by the isle [which] is full of noises, / Sounds, and sweet airs that give delight and hurt not. Taking a closer look, we find that music gets a center stage in all the proceedings of the play. Music is used not as a background tool like it is usually done in most cases. We can clearly see that music, in fact, dictates whatever happens throughout the course of action of the play. The role of Music If we were to follow the neo-platonic idealization, we would know that music has the ability to be a tool of both a source of riot and disorder and an imitation of the divine. When we look at The Tempest, we can find that it has been used in both the ways very efficiently by Shakespeare(Lindley). Right at the beginning of the play, we find the storm being brought about by Prospero. As we progress, we find a lot of song and music being played by Ariel(Blackstone). All these pieces of music have played an important part throughout the play to give it a framework or something to support the entire course of action. Almost all of the pieces of music that Shakespeare uses in The Tempest contain a message in some or the other form. From what can be seen, the message is either one that is used to convey to the characters some piece of information or idea, or it is for providing some kind of idea to the audience. Ariels second song, which can be found in Act I scene II, lines 396-403, contains an idea of this nature. This is where we find an important message that is being conveyed through a song(Butler 120-122). Ariel does not for once convey directly to Ferdinand that his father has not survived the shipwreck. However, Ferdinand does not fail to understand the message and also reveals that it was something that he had already anticipated. The next big deciding factor in the plays narrative also comes when Ariel sings a song to prevent Alonso from getting murdered(Guo). In this scene, Ariel makes the entire company fall asleep except for Sebastian and Antonio. As they are awake and Ariel is invisible, he listens to the entire conspiracy plans being made by the two of them. It is here that we find Ariel once again make use of music to avert an impending disaster. Ariel softly sings into Gonzalos ears to wake him up. Gonzalo wakes up and finds Sebastian and Antonio with unsheathed swords. Ariel was invisible in the scene but music played a part in portraying him as being present on the stage. Also, music is an important factor that is being used by Shakespeare to give his narrative a direction. Joshua Cohen in his article, The music of The Tempest, says that this is an important factor, as it is not clear whether Ariel is Air, spirit, nature, song. However, Music is the only factor that provides the audience to understan d that Ariel does possess a physical existence as well. Joshua Cohen delves deeper into the background of Shakespeares usage of music in the play. He links it to the Greek tragedy where music was used as a tool for evoking emotions in the hearts of the audiences. He says that Shakespeare borrowed the tool from the Operas, which were taking shape during that period. One of the earliest Operas, Monteverdis Orfeo, was being premiered in 1607, which was just four years prior to the premiere of The Tempest. Joshua Cohen believes that it is quite possible that Shakespeare incorporated the musical element into his plays in accordance with the contemporary trend. The Opera, in turn, was a product that was inspired by the musical pieces in the Greek tragedies that were created by a section of Florentine poets and musicians known as the Camerata(Moseley). In such a case, the use of Shakespeare can be traced back to the Greek tragedies. Shakespeare took note of the contemporary trend, and used it in a manner similar to how it was originally used. Thus, from what we have seen, it is quite evident that Shakespeare does not treat music as an external element in this play(Howard 474-478). Although Shakespeare utilized music in a lot of other plays, this one is where he utilized it in an integrated manner. As Shakespeare had a dedicated team of musicians who would play music for his plays, he put them to full use in this play. While in the other plays, music did exist as an external factor, that was in the background and was utilized solely for providing a kind of concreteness to the action on the stage, The Tempest can be considered to be Shakespeares only play that integrates music as a part of the play itself. When we speak of The Tempest, we see that the music is shown to be taking place in the course of action. The songs, the music, are in fact part of the entire action. The songs are shown as being entwined with the air of the magical island. Finally, the most important pieces of music can be seen in the masque that is performed in the end and the song that Ariel performs in the end. The masque performed by Juno and Ceres is one of the most attractive pieces of music that can be seen throughout the play(Petrobelli). The song by Juno and Ceres contains a marriage for the newly engaged couple and as a result is a part of the narrative. While Shakespeare utilized the concept of a play within a play, he decided to take full advantage of the situation. He used this scene to convey a message to the audience and also to give an idea about the future direction. What is further notable in this scene is that the characters who perform the masque are not the kind of entities that Ariel is(Naylor). Although they are spirits much like Ariel, they are visible to the audience as well as the characters. Their extravagant show is, in fact, a technique to draw the attention to the importance of the scene and the message. In the end, we hear the last song by Ariel which gives us an idea of what the future holds for the characters. This is a brilliant touch by Shakespeare as he utilized music throughout the course of the play as its driving force. Conclusion While The Tempest is one of the most musical plays of Shakespeare, it is important to notice that it is also different. While the other plays merely utilized music as a kind of support, The Tempest gives it a prime spot as the driving force of the play. References Blackstone, William. Commentaries On The Laws Of England. Print. Butler, K. "Shakespeare, Sound And Sense". Early Music 40.1 (2012): 120-122. Web. Guo, Yuehua. "A Rebel Against Colonization A Comparative Study Of CesaireS Caliban In A Tempest With Shakespeare's Caliban In The Tempest". Asian Social Science 4.2 (2008): n. pag. Web. Howard, Skiles. "Shakespeare And Music, And: Shakespeare And Comedy (Review)". Shakespeare Quarterly 57.4 (2006): 474-478. Web. Lindley, David. Shakespeare And Music. Arden Shakespeare, 2014. Print. Moseley, C. W. R. D. William Shakespeare. Tirril, Penrith: Humanities-Ebooks, 2007. Print. Naylor, Edward Woodall. Shakespeare Music. [Place of publication not identified]: Best Books, 2001. Print. Petrobelli, Pierluigi. Music In The Theater. Princeton University Press, 2014. Print. Shakespeare, William, and Sheila Innes. The Tempest. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Print.

The Arabic Language Essay Sample free essay sample

How of import is understanding the linguistic communication of a people to understanding the thought procedure and civilization of the population? Language is one of the emblem of a culture’s illustriousness. It underwent a history every bit long as the people themselves. So understanding the linguistic communication of a people is like holding a looking glass to better understand them. Let us set in position the Arabic linguistic communication: Arabic. a Semitic linguistic communication with approximately 221 million talkers all over the universe. is one major symbol of Islam. As a affair of fact. even non-Arab people. every bit long as they are Muslims. survey and thrive hard to larn and talk the linguistic communication. They believe that being able to talk the linguistic communication is like talking the lingua of their Prophetss and sires. If you dig on its beginning and how it developed to its present signifier. you will larn a batch about the Arab people and their household in religion. We will write a custom essay sample on The Arabic Language Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page . The manner Arabic book developed its different manners such as theKuficand theCursive.Both didn’t happen overnight. They tell underlying deep narratives on how or why people chose to hold them. Be it for aesthetics. spiritual beliefs or local civilization. they have interesting narratives. The Qur-an. written in original Arabic linguistic communication. ideally should be spoken aloud to guarantee that there are minimum. if non. no error at all in diction. This subject is a mirror of how they are as people. more significantly. as followings. Although. there are some fluctuations of the linguistic communication in different states today. it is because of the consequence of their local civilization. However. the kernel you will see how they tried to continue the kernel. If you know a people’s linguistic communication. you certainly already hold a glance of their history and thought what they are heading to. With this. it will non be hard in understanding their present ideals. therefore. doing peace.

Ethical Issues a Business Needs to Consider in Its Operational Activities free essay sample

They are in the grain based snack foods and beverage and some other products. I have chosen this company because it an internationally recognized company that generated billions of pounds a year in revenue. Their headquarters is currently stationed in New York, the beverage drink product, Pepsi is originally developed in North Carolina in 1898 by a young business man and then sold to PepsiCo to 1961 where it was renamed Pepsi. Mission Statement: Our mission is to be the worlds premier consumer Products Company focused on convenient foods and beverages. We seek to produce financial rewards to investors as we provide opportunities for growth and enrichment to our employees, our business partners and the communities in which we operate. And in everything we do, we strive for honesty, fairness and integrity. PepsiCo’s mission statement goes into how they provide world premier products which is focused on foods and beverages. They speak about how they seek to provide all their employees with opportunities and growth also with a competitive salary. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Issues a Business Needs to Consider in Its Operational Activities or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At the end they also proclaim that they are honest and fair, which is a good way for any company to be viewed by its customers. Aims and objective: PepsiCo’s responsibility is to continually improve all aspects of the world in which we operate – environment, social, economic creating a better tomorrow than today. Pepsi basically says that its aims and objectives are to improve all aspects of the world which they are involved in, creating a better future for us. They want us to think they are interested in the future and committed to creating a better life for everyone. Ethical Issues Facing the Business – Pepsi has similar problems with its products to Coke; the plastic bottles need to be a percentage recycled and able to be recycled, the water they use for their drinks in some remote areas of the world is being taken from local people and as a result they are struggling to find a solution to the water problems and it is causing farmers to move away in seek of just water. In India, where Pepsi has a few factories, they have been criticised by local farmers by the amount of pollution that their factories use and the amount of water they use in their beverages, meaning the farmers are unable to grow their crops efficiently. Also, Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) claimed that the water used for Pepsi that the toxins included pesticides that can contribute to cancer and the overall breakdown of the immune system. In 1991, Pepsi paid Thein Tin to help with their entrance to Burma who was supporter of the Burmese military junta, which was accused of human rights violations in the world, most companies didn’t enter the country because of this reason, but it didn’t seem to affect Pepsi. Stakeholders and Ethical Concerns Describe the stakeholders your chosen business has: Pepsi has many stakeholders all over the world; firstly the customers who buy their products are one of the most important groups for they keep the company afloat, the share holders who invest money in the company keep it trading and able to expand and invest. Workers and the communities which rely on the work Pepsi provide are also crucial share holders, without workers the product cannot be produced and then sold to the customers. On a larger scale the western world is important for their products are sold there and 3rd world countries are important because of cheap labour costs meaning they can produce in the mass and ship all over the world. Pepsi is a Public company, meaning it sells shares. Describe how the business is attempting to show its stakeholders that it is aware of the ethical concerns that apply to its operational activities: On bottles during the last 10 year or so after all the controversial arguments about global warming and companies being slated about the amount of waste that they produce, most companies including Pepsi have put a small label on the packaging of their products saying â€Å"made from 99% recycled materials† or something similar. This shows that the company is paying attention and listens to its consumers and has only good intentions when trying to sell their product, not destroying the earth with excess waste.

My Work Experience Diary Essay Example

My Work Experience Diary Essay Example My Work Experience Diary Essay My Work Experience Diary Essay It was my first day of work experience, (I worked at the Morrisons head office at the Cutler Heights Division) I woke up at 8:00a. m, and I got ready and went downstairs and ate breakfast. I went to my work experience with my brother in his car, I got there on time, I was nervous and thought it was going to be boring but it was quite interesting really. I went inside and the receptionist told me to sit down while she called someone. A man named Mike came and took me into the administration department and into his office. (He was the company accountant). He told me all about the company and what it does and what I was going to do. I had my own desk with a computer. I started off with some filing and later on I did some production orders on the computer. There were 7 people in the same as room as me. They were friendly and kind to me. I finished at approximately 3:00, the senior clerk (whose name was Angela) told me I had done a good job and I could go home. I was working next to a motorway and had to go through tunnels to get to the bus stop. At first I couldnt find the bus stop but after ten minutes I found it and had to wait for about five minutes before the bus came. I got on and I found out that the bus was going the other way from which I came in the morning, but I thought he might be going another way so I sat down. I was worried I might be going somewhere else so I thought I should ask him, when I asked him he told me Huddersfield. I told him to let me off at the next bus stop and asked him where the bus stop to Bradford was. He told me and I got off and I had to walk quite a long way back, but I found the bus stop straight way and got on, this time I asked the bus driver where the bus was going and he told me Bradford. I was relieved, I sat down and got home fifteen twenty minutes later. The next day, I woke up earlier because I had to go on the bus. I didnt want to go because I was tired but I managed to get up and get ready. I got at my workplace on time. I went to my desk and sat down and waited for the Angela to come and tell me what work I should do. I started off doing some lot number accounting that was just sorting out some lot numbers. I did that for most of the day and did some typing on the computer later on; I was bored to death and shattered at the end of the day. I went straight home and went to sleep for a few hours. The next few days were the same, I felt like not coming but I thought I might as well. On the last day of the first week the manager Karen asked me, how I was settling in and if I liked the work or not. I said, Its alright. I was happy at the end of the day when I went home so I could go home and relax. The next week on Monday, I wasnt feeling too well, so I decided not to go, so I stayed at home and watched TV and played on my computer. II phoned and told my manager that I wasnt coming in and she said it was fine and told me that she hoped I would be better tomorrow. The next two days I went to work and did similar work on both days, which were typing, and some filing. On Thursday I went quite late because I overslept and Angela was talking to Karen, when I went in I was a bit nervous because I thought she might ask me why I came late but when I went in Angela looked at her watch and gave Karen a glance to tell her that I was late but Karen didnt notice her. She just came over and gave me some paper to sort out. Later on when everyone had gone to lunch, Angela came to me and asked me why I came late, I told her that I overslept and I apologized to her. She said if this was a real job, the manager wouldve given me a warning and some bosses may even throw me out. The rest of the day I did some production orders and went home before 3:00 because everyone was finishing early so I got home early. The next day I made sure I went in early and they were all working when I went in, I went to the desk and started doing the work that was already on the desk. At break everyone went to get a snack from the canteen but I was fasting so I had to stay. Karen asked me how Id liked the job and I said it was very good. I did some filing and accounting and finished at 3:00 and said goodbye to everyone and I left and took one last look at the Morrisons Company and left smiling.

Envisioning America & What Caused the Pueblo Revolt Essay - 3

Envisioning America & What Caused the Pueblo Revolt - Essay Example The Spanish and English colonists were similar in the sense that they viewed themselves as someone who is superior whereas the Pueblo people and the American Indians were inferior people which made them a victim of the colonists’ superiority complex. Considering the English colonization, the English colonists viewed the native tribes they had encountered in North America as a group of people with well-established economic activities and relations related to agriculture and hunting. With regards to North America, the English people viewed the country as a nation that has a lot of natural resources that could contribute to the economic success of the English people. In fact, it was in North America where the Europeans found new foods including potatoes, tomatoes, and squash (Mancall, 1995, p. 5). Using religion as a strategy to colonize the Pueblos, the Spanish colonists viewed the Pueblos as a group of people who is weak and can be easily forced to follow the Spanish religion. On the contrary, the American Indians and Pueblos viewed the English and Spanish colonists as abusive and dangerous intruders. Frontiers of inclusion means that the act of intermixing and dealings between the races is allowed whereas the frontiers of exclusion means that settling took place in such as way that people are not allowed to intermix with other race and culture (Hutchison, 2003). Upon reading the books written by Mancall and Weber, it is safe to conclude that the â€Å"frontiers of inclusion† and â€Å"frontiers of exclusion† play a part in the ways that the English and the Spanish conducted their settlements in a foreign land. In the case of the English people, they use of frontiers of exclusion when settling in another country or territory. This is the main reason why the group of English people who colonized North America viewed their native tribe Indians as a group of individuals not equal to their own people but of a lower race (Hutchison, 2003, Mancall,

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 17

Leadership - Essay Example An example of a transformational leader motivating followers is M. Fethullah GÃ ¼len. He has convinced a movement in Turkey promoting a different kind of Islam. GÃ ¼len motivates his followers with education, a promise of peace, and tolerance. He has built education centers world wide. These educational centers are based on the Islam faith, but do not require students to be Muslim. GÃ ¼len teaches of respect among all religions, Christian, Muslim, or Jewish. Dialogue should be shared among all. Many of GÃ ¼len’s student and followers are motivated by the thought of peace between the religions and furthering of education. The vision is also important. Anyone can say they want to go to the moon, but it takes a leader to get followers to build a rocket ship. The vision must be practical and achievable, with benefits for the followers. It might be impossible to those not wanting change, but GÃ ¼len’s vision is achievable. Thousands of Muslims have heeded GÃ ¼len’s cause of non-violence. GÃ ¼len’s followers believe Islam is a religion and a way of life, just like Islamic terrorists. However, his followers believe that terror or forcing Islam on other cultures is morally wrong. GÃ ¼len’s vision is being carried out, maybe not by every Muslim, but by a good following in Turkey. Hopefully one day Muslims can achieve a lasting peace with each other and the world through transformational leaders like

The United Nations and Colombia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The United Nations and Colombia - Essay Example The Republic of Colombia, which achieved independence from Spain in 1810 and became recognized in 1819, joined the UN on 5th October 1945 (Borda & Castillo 3). It is among the present member states and is located on South America’s northwestern coast. The country has Ambassador Maria Emma Mejia as its permanent representative to the UN. This paper will research on how Colombia started in the UN, how it has maintained itself over the years as a member, its relations with the organization, and the past and current projects it has had with it. Briefly describing the UN, its system is basically structured on five key organs which include the General Assembly, the International Court of Justice, the Security Council, the Secretariat and the Economic and Social Council (Fasulo 14). The General Assembly resolves non-compulsory recommendations to countries and makes decisions on the admission of new member states after the Security Council’s proposal. The Secretariat, chaired by the UN Secretary General, provides administrative support to the other bodies, while the International Court of Justice decides and settles disputes between countries that acknowledge its opinions and jurisdiction. The Security Council’s key responsibility is maintaining international security and peace, and the Economic and Social Council coordinates social and economic affairs globally (Fasulo 15). To become a member state of the UN as well as a member of the UN General Assembly, the organization’s main deliberative assembly of w hich all member states are, Colombia fulfilled the obligations stipulated by the Charter. Part of the requirements state that although membership is open to all states, such states must be sovereign, peace-loving and willing to observe all obligations as contained in the Charter. Further, in conformity with the provisions of Article 4, Chapter 2 of the UN Charter, Colombia was subjected to the General Assembly’s decision after the

Reasons Behind The Growth Of Eurocurrency Markets Finance Essay

Reasons Behind The Growth Of Eurocurrency Markets Finance Essay The Eurocurrency market Ñ onsists of banks, which Ñ alled Euro banks that aÑ Ãƒâ€˜Ã‚ ept deÑâ‚ ¬osits and make loans in foreign currencies. Eurocurrency is a deÑâ‚ ¬osit held in the bank outside the Ñ ountry in whose currency the deÑâ‚ ¬osit is dominated. The deÑâ‚ ¬osit can be Ñâ‚ ¬laced in a foreign bank or in the foreign branch of a domestiÑ  US bank. For à Ã‚ µxample, dollars deÑâ‚ ¬osited in a bank in Switzerland arà Ã‚ µ Eurodollars, yen deÑâ‚ ¬osited at a US bank are Euro yen, etc. The Eurocurrency market is dominated by US dollar or the Eurodollar. The deposit need to be held at a European bank or in Europe. Eurocurrency is used for lending and borrowing. The Eurocurrency market often provides a cheap and convenient form of liquidity for the financing of international trade and investment. The main borrowers and lenders are the commercial banks, large companies, and the central banks. By raising funds in Eurocurrencies it is possible to secure more favorable terms and rates of interest, and sometimes to avoid domestic regulations and taxation. The deposits and loans were initially on a short-term basis but increasing use is being made of medium-term loans, particularly through the raising of Eurobonds. This has to some extent replaced the syndicated loan market, in which banks lent money as a group in order to share the risk. The Eurocurrency market is dominated by US dollar or the Eurodollar. Occasionally, during the 1970s and 1980s, which were a weak dollar period, the Euro Swiss Franc and the Euro Deutsche Mark markets increased in importance. The Eurodollar market originated post Second World War in France and England thanks to the fear of Soviet Bloc countries that dollar deposits held in the US may be attached by US citizens with claims against communist governments. A Eurocurrency is a freely convertible currency deposited in a bank located in a country which is not the native country of the currency. Restrictions on convertibility take many forms limiting the amount that can be exchanged, the currencies into which exchange is possible, the uses for which foreign exchange can be obtained, or the range of holders who are allowed foreign exchange. The Eurocurrency market has grown rapidly mainly due to the existence of various US regulations that have raised costs and lowered returns on domestic banking transactions. In other words, the Eurocurrency market has become popular because of the absence of restrictions from the government which have led to attractive deposit rates for savers and attractive loan rates for borrowers. This means that banks can offer higher interest rates on Eurocurrency deposits than on deposits made in the home currency. Similarly, banks can also charge lower interest rates to Eurocurrency borrowers than to those who borrow the home currency. The spread between the Eurocurrency deposit and lending rates is less than the spread between the domestic deposit and lending rates giving Eurocurrency banks a competitive edge over domestic banks. The Eurocurrency market began to develop in the 1950s, when the Eastern Bloc countries were afraid the United States might seize their holdings of dollars. It means that instead of depositing their dollars in the United States, they deposited them in Europe. Additional dollar deposits came from Western European central banks and companies that exported to the United States. The other long-running disadvantage was a Regulation Q. This prohibited the payment of interest on demand deposits, as well as authorising the Federal Reserve to set a maximum interest rate payable on savings and time deposits in US banks. The level of interest rates in the money supply was raised through slowing down the growth of the money supply. However, while money market interest rates rose, the interest rates payable on time deposits, were held down by the ceiling. Investors moved their time deposits from the banking system, causing the banks to experience a shortage of funds. The banks then looked to the E urodollar market for funds, and in 1966, when money was tight, borrowing from European Branches of US banks by their head offices rose by $2.5 billion. Nevertheless, banks began to regard the market as a substitute source of dollars even when Regulation Q was not effective as in 1967. Funds raised through this method were then used to continue lending to customers in the US. Regulation Q stimulated the growth of the Eurodollar market in two ways: firstly, it reinforced the market`s ability to offer higher interest rates on deposits. Two other reasons why they could offer higher interest rates were that Euro banks operated on lower margins; and the effect of domestic reserve requirements. Secondly, the growth of the market was stimulated because of the demand for dollars from commercial banks in the US in order to go around domestic credit restraint policies. In 1957, the market surged again after changes in British laws. In the 1960s, the market grew once again when, after changes in US regulations discouraged US banks from lending to non-US residents, would be borrowers of dollars outside the United States turned to the Euromarkets a source of dollars. The next big increase in the Eurocurrency market came after the 1973-74 and 1979-80 oil price increases. OPEC (Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) members avoided potential confiscation of their dollars by depositing them in banks in London. The dramatic growth of flight capital to Swiss and other banks, encouraged by the development of financial centres such as Luxembourg in which regulations ensured the protection of the anonymity of lenders. The growth in supply of funds to the market was the use by central banks of the market in order to increase returns on their holdings of international reserves. However if there had not also been a large demand from borrowers for Eur odollar, the market would not have grown so rapidly. The reasons for the large demand from the borrowers include a US government discouragement from 1963 of borrowing by foreign companies directly from the US market through the imposition of a tax that increased the cost of borrowing in the US for borrowing in most of the industrial nations. The fact that the euro banks were free of the reserve requirements imposed on domestic banks, allowed them to maintain a lower spread between borrowing and lending rates. Another important reason of a large demand is a US government limitations on the amount of capital that US transnational corporations could shift out of the US to invest abroad, forcing them to borrow outside the US and providing the market with a major group of very creditworthy borrowers. The domestic and the international markets have two major components: the inter-bank mechanism, and the channelling of funds from initial depositors to ultimate borrowers. However, in the Euro-markets, the former plays a far more important role, with respects to the latter, in which the markets introduced important innovations. The general efficiency of the inter-bank mechanism in allowing banks access to funds at very short notice, as well as allowing them to place funds in the market for very short periods to earn some interest, helps to reduce the transactions and information costs in the Eurocurrency markets. This also allows them to operate on smaller margins. Two innovations, which are associated with lending to non-banks, and which have facilitated the expansion of the Euro-currency markets, are roll-over credits and the syndicated loan system. The introduction of roll-over credits reduces the risk of interest rates moving against a bank when it tends to borrow short and long-term. It enables banks to offer higher interest rates on short-term deposits, whilst at the same time being able to commit these funds long-term, through reducing the risk of making losses if deposit rates should rise again. On the borrower`s side of the market, such roll over credits imply that interest rates at the time of borrowing are less important, because if they should fall over the course of the loan, the borrower should reap the benefits. The second innovation is that of syndication of loans. A syndicated credit is a loan in which a group of financial institutions makes funds available on common conditions to a borrower. It allows credits of larger sizes sometimes over $1 billion, to be put together, a factor that was especially important in the financing of national balance of payments deficits. In the lender`s point of view, it reduces the risks of international bank lending , through diversification of loans to political entities. It also provides more protection against selective defaults: unwillingness of a nation to repay its debts will be met with pressure from several countries, whose banks are involved. Negotiations were also feasible, because at the same time, there are few enough creditors involved. On the other hand, a possible danger of the process, which has become increasingly recognised, is that in the event of a default, the repercussions will be spread over a wide part of the Euro-currency system. This has raised questions regarding the stability of the international banking system. There are certain important consequences of the rise of the Eurocurrency markets. The first is the shift in the financial system from one depending on a state to manage the flow of international liquidity, to a system where liquidity is provided by private banks. The international financial systems were threatened with a lack of credit, there is now, excess international liquidity, and private bank lending provides this. In 1980, the US inter-bank loan market stood at $74 billion, this almost doubled to $170 billion by 1995. The international inter-bank lending market by contrast had grown to $5.8 trillion by June 1995.

Applied Linguistic And Language Learning

Today, linguistics is developed rapidly. Another aspect related to the fields of language study is also growing. Studies on language not only covers one aspect only, but has extended to areas or aspects outside the language associated with the use of language and human life. Linguistic theory is a branch of applied linguistics that focuses on the general theory and methods common in language research. Branches of linguistics can be divided into phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics.Therefore, applied linguistics can be applied in any field. One is education related to language learning. According to Bloom & Lahey (Owen, 1992:14), language is very complex systems that can be well understood with elaborate an element or component functions. Language can be divided into three principal, though not equally important components: patterns, content, and usability. When people use language, it encodes the ideas (semantics), ie, it uses a symbol of sounds, words, and so represent an ac tual incident, object, or relationship.To communicate these ideas to others, the use of certain patterns, which include such an important part together with the corresponding sounds (phonology), the appropriate word order (syntax), and the prefix and suffix appropriate word (morphology) to clarify more specific. Speaker uses components to receive certain communications purposes, such as searching for information, get information or to get a response (pragmatics). To discuss more in depth the relationship of applied linguistics and language learning,  the following is mentioned several things that become problems in this study. The question is as follows: 1. What is the applied linguistics?2. What are the objects of study that applied linguistics? 3. How is the relationship between applied linguistics with language learning?II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Definition of Applied Linguistics The words applied/ apply, worthily to apply, which means Wearing or Using could also be i nterpreted tread, use, and deploy. Word meaning Applied = put to practical use. Word applied derived from compounding of applied linguistics. There are also linguists who disagree with the term applied linguistics, for example, Spolsky (1978) in Pateda (2011), he is more likely to agree with the terms of educational linguistics. The reasons of it, the scope of applied linguistics are broader than linguistic education, because applied linguistics also related to the translation, lexicography, language planning and other aspects.The term applied linguistics refers to a variety of activities that involve some aspects related to the language problem solving or addressing some of the concerns related to language. The object of applied linguistics study is not another language, that are the human language that serves as (1) communication systems that use speech as a medium, (2) human language daily, (3) the language that is used daily by humans as members of a particular community, or in English is called with an ordinary language or a natural language. This means the spoken language as the primary object of linguistic, whereas written language as a secondary object of linguistics, as written language can be considered as â€Å"derivative† of spoken language.The following is mentioned several sciences related to applied linguistics as the object of his studies that are: (1) Applied Linguistics or the sciences of language aspects, and in this case the language used in the literal sense. This is called pure linguistic, (2) the sciences of language, and in this case, the term language used in a figurative or metaphorical sense. Examples of science that category is kinesic and paralinguistic. Kinesic is the science of body motion/ gesture/ body language, such as head nods, hand signals and others. Paralinguistic is a science that focuses on specific activities that accompany the  pronunciation of the language, such as wheezing breath, clicking sound, laughing, small coughing, astonished forms such as ehm, anu, apa itu, apa ya and so forth, (3)Science on the opinions of the language. Metalinguistic, for example, the science that discuss the ins and outs of â€Å"language† used to describe language that is reflected in terms of linguistic theory studies, linguistics methods study, etc., (4) The sciences of the language sciences. Which belong to this category are studies that specialize in linguistics itself, just as the study of the history of linguistics, linguistic studies in the twentieth century and others. The four types of knowledge mentioned above, the only number (1) who could be called as a purely linguistic knowledge because it’s really language, while the others are not a science of language in daily terms. It could be argued that the language be applied linguistics object studied from various aspects.Those include aspects of sounds, morphemes and words, phrases and sentences as well as meaning. Branch of linguistic s which studies of sound is phonological. Morpheme or word level studied in morphology. Phrases/ sentences discussed in syntax. Whereas meaning studied in separate science called as semantics. Thus, it can be said that linguistic branches in terms of â€Å"tataran† consist of phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics. Based on the above, it appears that applied linguists focused more on the application of linguistics in language teaching.This means that the applied linguistic closely related to: (1) the application of linguistic in the field of a practical use, (2) not applied linguistic theory, but the application of the theory that is linguistic theory, (3) the goal of improving the practical tasks with focusing on language.2.2 Definition Language Learning According Degeng (1997), Learning is an attempt to learn student. Teachers should be able to select appropriate learning strategies in any kind of learning activity, so it will be the actual achievement of learning obje ctives. Gilstrap and Martin (1975) also stated that the teacher's role is more closely related to the success of learners, especially with respect to the ability of teachers to define learning strategies. Learning a language is essentially a study of communication.Therefore, learning the language is directed to enhance the learner's ability to communicate, both  orally and in writing (Department of Education, 1995). This is relevant to the curriculum in 2004 that the competence of language learning directed into four, sub-aspects namely reading, speaking, listening, and listening. Brown (2000:7) suggested reconsidering some of the traditional definitions. Dictionary ‘ present ‘ reveals that learning is the acquisition of knowledge, (acquiring or getting of knowledge of a subject or a skill by study, experience, or instruction).2.3 The Relationship between Applied Linguistics and Language Learning The link between applied linguistics and language teaching, Soenardji exp lained as follows: a scientific analysis of the various symptoms formulated into rules phonologic, morphological and syntactic processing into instructional materials in language teaching. According Basiran (1999) purpose of language learning is to improve the communication skills of learners in a variety of communication contexts. Capabilities developed are comprehension of meaning, the role, the power of interpretation, assess, and express themselves with language.All of them are grouped into language, understanding, and use. To achieve the objectives above, language learning should recognize the principles of language learning that is then manifested in their learning activities, as well as make these aspects as a guide in their learning activities. Principles of language learning can be summarized as follows: (1) Learners will learn best when treated as individuals who have needs and interests, (2) Learning is given the opportunity participated in communicative language use in a variety of activities, (3) Learning is when he intentionally focused learning to shape, skills, and strategies to support language acquisition process, (4)Learning is deployed in the data socio-cultural and direct experience with being part of a culture of the target language, (5) If aware of the role and nature language and culture, (6) If given appropriate feedback regarding their progress, and (7) If given the opportunity to manage their own learning (Aminuddin, 1994). In language teaching there are terms and concepts need to be understood in the proper sense, for example, approaches, methods, and techniques. The approach is a set of assumptions regarding the nature of language, and language learning. The method is an overall plan in a systematic presentation of language based approaches is determined. While the technique are specific activities that  are implemented in the classroom, in harmony with the methods and approaches that have been. Thus the approach is axiomatic, a method is procedural, and technique is operational.III. PROBLEM & DISCUSSION Generally, it can be stated that linguistics is the science of language, or the science that makes language as an object of its study, as stated Martinet (1987:19) study of the science of human language. Linguistics often called general linguistics, linguistic science means that not only examines a language course, but examining the intricacies of language in general, the language became a tool of social interaction of humans, which is the French term called â€Å"langage†. For example, words in Indonesian â€Å"Perpanjang† can be analyzed into two morphemes, namely the â€Å"per-â€Å" and â€Å"panjang†. Morpheme per- referred to as the causative morpheme because it gives the sense of ‘ caused so ‘ extended meaning ‘ caused something to be long ‘.As a means of human communication, language is a system that is at once systematic and systemic. What is meant by systemic is that language is not a single system, but also consists of several subsystems of phonology, morphology, and syntax. As a science, linguistics also has a long history. Language learning activities result in an attempt to learn the language learners with effective and efficient manner. Efforts can be made and the purpose of analysis and study of the students’ characteristics, analysis of learning resources, establish a strategy of organizing, learning content, learning delivery strategy set, set a learning management strategy, and establish procedures for the measurement of learning outcomes.Therefore, every teacher must have skills in choosing learning strategies for each type of learning activity. Thus, selecting appropriate learning strategies in any kind of learning activity, the expected achievement of learning objectives can be met. A language learning program that is comprehensive and integrated cannot escape from giving input linguistic and cultural aspects at the same time. This is necessary so that students can apply their linguistic skills and language skills in a cultural context, as embraced by the community. In the process of language learning, there are a number of variables, which is both linguistic and nonlinguistic nature, which can determine the success of the learning process. Variables it is not a thing apart and stand on their own,  but is interconnected, related, so it is a system network.Language learning successes namely called principles of learning, which can be grouped into the principles of psychological students, and the nature of linguistic material. Psychological principles include motivations, their own experience, curiosity, analysis and synthesis of individual distinction. Thus, it can be concluded that applied linguistics is associated with both Indonesian language learning and second language taught to students. One study applied linguistics is contrastive analysis is very useful for educators in determin ing what material will be delivered in the language learning, which is adapted to the similarities and differences between the native language of students with second language students will learn.In the error analysis, easier for students to use second language and to correct any errors that may occur in the use of the second language, so that minimize the occurrence of errors in language. Analyzing language also helps in determining the method to be used in language learning..IV. CONCLUSION Applied linguistics is the utilization of knowledge about natural language produced by students of language that is used to increase keberhasilgunaan practical tasks that use language as a core component. The object of study of applied linguistics is not another language, the human language that serves as a communication system that uses speech as a medium; human language daily, a language that is used daily by humans as members of a particular community, or in English is called with an ordinary language or a natural language.For the purposes of language learning, applied linguistics focused on: (1) theoretical grains that have strong validity in linguistics, and (2) a wide range of possibilities and alternatives to guide the implementation of language teaching. Possibilities and alternatives were sought to be consistent and in line with the theoretical point in linguistics. Based on the above, it can be said that applied linguistics is associated with both Indonesian language learning or second language is taught to students.One study applied linguistics is contrastive analysis is very useful for educators in determining what material will be delivered in language learning that is adapted with similarities and differences between the native language of students with second language students will learn. I  the error analysis, easier for students to use second language and to correct any errors that may occur in the use of the second language, so that minimize the occurre nce of errors in language. Analyzing language also helps in determining the method to be used in language learning.

Management Essay

Essay Title: Suggest ways in which managers can choose to manage diversity in the workplace. Illustrate with examples from organisational practice. Gilmore, Williams et al, 2009. Human Resource Management. New York: Oxford University. Summary This book not only describes the knowledge of human resource management (HRM) but also illustrates numerous interesting examples with further discussion, such as discussion questions and case study that link the theories and practices. In chapter 11, it mainly discusses the equality, diversity, and dignity at work with real cases, it also provides the background of diversity and the main pieces of UK equality laws. Authority The book was written by Sarah Gilmore and Steve Williams. They are two principal lecturers at the University of Portsmouth in the UK. Dr. Gilmore’s research interests are HRM, training and development and psychoanalysis. In addition, Dr. Williams co-authored Human Resource Management and other three books. For instance, Contemporary Employment Relations: a Critical Introduction (Oxford University Press, 2nd edition, 2010). Two authors both have academic background and relate in those fields. Currency The book was published in 2009. It is current enough for my research. Accuracy This book includes abundant references, it not only states the knowledge of theoretical side but also provides practical aspects such as the real case of Tesco. On the other hand, this book have many information related the Internet sources that would be lower reliable than other information. Readership Managers would read it because it would help readers to improve the knowledge about this field. Relevance The information about the UK equality law is vital important for my research. It completed my whole picture of essay. Due to, in my research the legislation is a main element to reduce the discriminations in the workplace.

Free Essays on The Culture Of Fear

Barry Glassner’s The Culture of Fear is a critique of pre-nine/eleven American culture. Published in 1999 by Basic Books, The Culture of Fear exposed Americans to their own misplaced fears. This book offers a new perspective of the American media machine and its effective fear mongering techniques. Barry Glassner is Professor of Sociology at the University of Southern California. The Culture of Fear was written over the course of five years and is Glassner’s seventh book. His writings regularly appear newspapers and newsmagazines including the New York Times and the Los Angeles Times. The most impressive feature of this book is its methodical use of statistics and research. Every point Glassner makes is supported by thoroughly researched evidence. Over forty-five pages of footnotes are included in this 210-page book. Glassner use these statistics to systematically disprove the most common misplaced fears. Glassner’s first topic is road-rage. In the late ‘90s the Los Angeles Times, ABC, USA Today, Time, and even Oprah Winfrey ran huge stories depicting the horrors of road-rage. In the Los Angeles Times page one story on road-rage, it was â€Å"Only after wading through twenty two paragraphs of alarming first-person accounts†¦did the reader learn that a grand total of five drivers and passengers had died in road rage incidents in the region over the previous five years† (p. 4). This is the same article that declared, â€Å"Road-rage has become an exploding phenomenon.† Similar instances of overbearing journalists occur in the Political Correctness (or P.C.) wave that swept the American College campuses during the early 1990s. Another example of this is the murder of Anthony Riggs. After just returning to his suburban Detroit apartment from the Gulf war, Army Spec. Anthony Riggs was apparently killed in a car jacking outside his home. Journalists saw a perfect story and Mrs. Toni Riggs was soon seen sobbing on na... Free Essays on The Culture Of Fear Free Essays on The Culture Of Fear Barry Glassner’s The Culture of Fear is a critique of pre-nine/eleven American culture. Published in 1999 by Basic Books, The Culture of Fear exposed Americans to their own misplaced fears. This book offers a new perspective of the American media machine and its effective fear mongering techniques. Barry Glassner is Professor of Sociology at the University of Southern California. The Culture of Fear was written over the course of five years and is Glassner’s seventh book. His writings regularly appear newspapers and newsmagazines including the New York Times and the Los Angeles Times. The most impressive feature of this book is its methodical use of statistics and research. Every point Glassner makes is supported by thoroughly researched evidence. Over forty-five pages of footnotes are included in this 210-page book. Glassner use these statistics to systematically disprove the most common misplaced fears. Glassner’s first topic is road-rage. In the late ‘90s the Los Angeles Times, ABC, USA Today, Time, and even Oprah Winfrey ran huge stories depicting the horrors of road-rage. In the Los Angeles Times page one story on road-rage, it was â€Å"Only after wading through twenty two paragraphs of alarming first-person accounts†¦did the reader learn that a grand total of five drivers and passengers had died in road rage incidents in the region over the previous five years† (p. 4). This is the same article that declared, â€Å"Road-rage has become an exploding phenomenon.† Similar instances of overbearing journalists occur in the Political Correctness (or P.C.) wave that swept the American College campuses during the early 1990s. Another example of this is the murder of Anthony Riggs. After just returning to his suburban Detroit apartment from the Gulf war, Army Spec. Anthony Riggs was apparently killed in a car jacking outside his home. Journalists saw a perfect story and Mrs. Toni Riggs was soon seen sobbing on na...

Free Personal Strengths and Weakness Essay Example

Free Personal Strengths and Weakness Essay Example I believe one of my personal strengths in communication is that I can talk to just about anyone. I enjoy talking with people. In communication, my strength would be that I have the ability to listen as well as respond. I enjoy having conversation with people of different cultures, because it gives me a chance to learn more about their lifestyle. I have learned to communicate well with people, because I am an outgoing person. I communicate better one on one. I have a weakness with communication when it comes to having to speak to a large group of people. I become very nervous, and will sometimes forget what I wanted to say. My weakness in communication is also when I have to speak in front of the class, or in front of a very large group of people I become nervous, because my weakness of thinking that they are more focused on me than on the information that I will be presenting. I work at that weakness by having the personal strength to try to make the presentation enjoyable so that the focus will not be so much on the speaker but the information be presented to the group. I have learned through the years that it is important to stay focused on your strengths and not your weaknesses and to realize that for the most part everybody else is probably just as nervous as I am. I have strength in the fact that I can talk about most subjects very freely. I try to communicate just the point I am trying to make and have the point understandable to those who are listening. Communication for me is easy depending on the topic being discussed. I sometimes have a weakness in the fact that I may be too honest with my answer and do not think before answering. I realize that when you are communicating with people, they really do not want the truth because it hurts and is offensive. I find that it is much easier for me to communicate, when I have knowledge of the conversation being discussed. I am very weak when it comes to starting a conversation and leading the discussion. I will avoid a conversation as much as possible when I have to present the information to be discussed. In communication, I am also weak in the area that I will choose to listen more that participate. I also have a weakness in my non-verbal communication skills. The weakness is that sometimes my body language will give a different answer than what I would have spoken. When I am using non-verbal communication as a point of contact I will point out or agree to something from just listening to the topic being discussed. I focus on my non-verbal communication skills, because I want the non-verbal to be just as understandable as the verbal. My body language must not present a different communication than intended. With non-verbal communication, I try to give more eye contact so that there is no misunderstanding of the communication intended. I find nodding your head helps in non-verbal communication, because a nod can say a lot. In my communication skills, I have learned that if I highlight the strengths. Then the weaknesses would not be so obvious. In having communicated with all different types of people, I once was told that if you stop and think for five seconds before you speak, your communication skills would present themselves in a most intelligent manner. Communication comes somewhat easy for me, because I like to talk, but just talking and not communicating would become a weakness. I try to always have something to communicate to other people that would be beneficial. Whether communicating verbally or non-verbally your actions will for the most part, represent how you are feeling about a particular subject or discussion. When it is possible always, try to communicate verbally and have the person you are communicating with acknowledge that they understand what you are saying. Communication, verbally or non-verbally is a very powerful tool and when you understand your strengths and weaknesses in that area you will be able to communicate much more efficiently with people. When you are communicating, with different types of people you will be able to decide if verbal or non-verbal communication would be the best approach according to their logic and the logic of the situation and surrounding environment. You can order a custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis or dissertation on Personal Strengths and Weakness topics at our professional custom essay writing service which provides students with custom papers written by highly qualified academic writers. High quality and no plagiarism guarantee! Get professional essay writing help at an affordable cost.

Persnonal development planing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Persnonal development planing - Essay Example This is usually associated with various potential benefits that may arise when students and other stakeholders are exposed to Personal Development Planning. The aspect of developing Personal Development Planning will create the following benefits: The essence of Personal Development Planning among students is ascribed to various benefits, to begin with: It enables students to integrate academic as well as personal development into their specific academic programs thus improving their general academic performance. In addition, Personal Development among students can improve their capacity to monitor and assess their personal progress in regard to various aspects of learning (Smale & Fowlie, 2009). Research has also shown that the application of Personal Development Planning at Institutions of Higher Learning is imperative owing to the fact that it promotes a sense of increased awareness among the students. The awareness occurs in various forms i.e. increased awareness of the specific learning methods that are used within the institutions and the specific goals of these learning strategies (Cottrell, 2003). Personal Development Planning in Institutions of Higher Learning creates a platform for self-assessment among the students, hence increases their capacity to evaluate their weaknesses and strengths. Moreover, it also creates a scenario where the students are in a position to explore various opportunities within the learning curriculum, thus facilitate the aspect of Personal Development Planning within and outside the curriculum (Cottrell, 2003). Research has also indicated that Personal Development Planning among students within institutions of higher learning enables the students to prepare themselves for their future career objectives i.e. to seek employment in their fields of interest or being self-employed within their

British Gas. Proposal for Corporate Social Responsibility Program Research Paper

British Gas. Proposal for Corporate Social Responsibility Program - Research Paper Example Evidently, in the United Kingdom, the extreme weather periods during winter means that temperatures reach freezing levels that are highly unfavorable to the health of local inhabitants. To this end, the local populace has to adopt artificial warming strategies in order to cope with the harsh weather conditions. The heating services are normally offered by local heater service providers at a fee. In this regard, one such company is the British Gas Company located in the Middlesex County in London, United Kingdom. Evidently, the cost of maintaining such heater services normally rise drastically since the hours of heat warming are determined the length of the extremities of the winter period. In this regard, it is critical to point out the disparities in the levels of income that hamper the abilities of the lower income families to maintain their gas payment for the heater services. This most often results to a termination of the heater services and leaves the poor families susceptible to a host of health complications and life threatening situations. To this end, the necessity of a corporate social and responsibility plan is pertinent towards addressing the needs of the low income earners in Middlesex County without affordability to the high gas bills. Evidently, the Corporate Social Responsibility will aspire to achieve three pertinent issues, increase access of to gas provided by British gas; provide assistance in financial resource mobilization for the low income earners so as to increase their purchasing power; to lobby for incentive measures from the gas provider that will ensure access to low cost gas. Financial Issues in the Community The aftershocks of the global financial crisis greatly affected the economies of the European countries and the purchasing power of local households Moon. In this regard, the household incomes of various households across L ondon were negatively affected to the effect that the purchasing power of basic necessities was significantly decreased. The situation has been aggravated further by the rising costs of basic amenities such as food, clothing, and shelter. In addition, other essential commodities such as house heater services during winter climates have become increasingly unaffordable. This has been due to the increase in service charges for gas supply by provider companies such as British gas. To this end, the cheapest gas charges are at least three hundred pounds monthly (Social action plan and household energy efficiency: Ofgem : report 2004). This rate is above the purchasing power of very many low income households. Evidently, One in ten households in London households is unable to afford the high gas charges. To this end, the low income earners are subjected to health related risks arising from the harsh cold winter. These include pneumonia, frost bites, common cold among other. Furthermore, t he poor families are subjected to increased death rates arising from the extreme winter period. Evidently, a raft of measures needs to be introduced so as to increase the purchasing power of the low income earners, provide alternatives that guarantee low cost gas supply, and solicit for contributions that will go towards alleviating the cost of gas supply to the low income earners. Description of the Corporate Social Responsibility Program The precincts of a social responsibility program entails four major components. Foremost, a CSR program requires businesses to carry out their financial duties in a social responsible and ethical manner. Second, it entails ensuring that the safety of people and the environment is protected. Third, it involves ensuring

Volatile Organic Compounds in School Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Volatile Organic Compounds in School - Essay Example VOCs, as the name suggests are carbon compounds that lend themselves to becoming gases or vapors with relative ease. As such they are emitted in the surrounding environment. VOCs contain not just carbon, but a host of other common elements present in such compounds, including the following: sulfur, oxygen, hydrogen, bromine, nitrogen, fluorine (US National Library of Medicine). The relative ease with which they are released into the atmosphere is attributed to the low boiling points of VOCs, pegged at below 100 degrees Celsius, lending them to be easily released into the atmosphere as gases. Many of the VOCs in the environment are said to be manufactured by man, as chemicals that are in use in manufacturing. Paints, refrigerants, pharmaceutical chemicals, adhesives, products derived from petroleum, and several other products require VOCs for their manufacture. Most often they are located in urban areas, making up the constituents of agents for dry cleaning, thinners for paint, solven ts, and different kinds of fuels (US Geological Survey) The literature further notes that in urban places, VOCs are of greater concentration, and within that urban setting, VOC concentrations are almost always of greater magnitude in enclosed indoor environments as compared to outside environments, where VOCs tend to disperse into the greater atmosphere (United States Environmental Protection Agency). Meanwhile, the adverse health effects of short-run and long-run exposure to VOCs are well documented in the literature. They include asthma symptoms being aggravated, dizziness, skin, nose, eyes and throat irritation, vomiting, cancer, impairment of the nervous system, and damage to internal organs, notably the liver and the kidney. Differing VOC types also have other specific adverse effects on human health. Benzene, a common VOC, is of special focus among health experts, for their prevalence, and for their known highly carcinogenic properties (Minnesota Department of Health; US Natio nal Library of Medicine). II. Volatile Organic Compounds - Prevalence VOCs are more prevalent than is sometimes acknowledged, owing to their presence in a wide variety of manufactured products, and the wide use of such manufactured products in urban environments. This puts an increased risk of toxic harm to human beings living in urban areas. The list in the Introduction is non-exhaustive, and to it can be added a large number of products that people may or may not already associate with VOCs: furnishings for buildings, materials for buildings, printers and copiers present in the office, copy paper not containing carbon, correction fluid, adhesives, glues, markers, solutions used in photography, pesticides, materials used for cleaning, strippers of paint, lacquers and other paints (United States Environmental Protection Agency). In the home, meanwhile, it is hard to avoid VOCs as well, largely because they are incorporated into many of the products that are vital to the maintenance of households. As already mentioned above, materials that are used to make houses contain VOCs, which later escape into the air, both indoors and into the greater outside environment. Cosmetic products of all kinds, materials used by hobbyists of all kinds, waxes, paints, and the varnishings commonly applied to home furniture all contain volatile organic compounds. Of course all sorts of fuels vital to maintaining homes all contain volat

Natural Disaster Essay Example for Free

Natural Disaster Essay Abstract The December 26, 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, triggered by a massive earthquake off the coast of Sumatra, is the deadliest natural disaster ever of this kind. Aside from a massive number of casualties, this tsunami caused heavy economic damage and severe destruction to the natural environment of stricken countries. Given the significant destruction and suffering, it resulted in massive international support through financial and humanitarian aid. The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis and a better understanding of the causes, the impacts and actions that could have been taken to limit the damage. Introduction The December 26 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami ranks among the ten deadliest natural disasters ever recorded thus far with a death toll over 225 000 and thousands of individuals missing. The large tsunami waves were generated by a massive earthquake off the northwest coast of Sumatra Island in Indonesia (Rossetto 2007). Tsunami waves spread across the Indian Ocean, damaging the shores of countries near and far from the epicenter (Rossetto 2007). It produced considerable damage and its impact went beyond the toll of human casualties. It had widespread economical, environmental and psychological impacts. Among the worst hit regions were the countries in and around the eastern Indian Ocean. Such natural disaster causes tremendous human suffering and immediately solicited responses worldwide with significant financial support and humanitarian aid. Sequences of Events (Earthquake Tsunami) The 9.0 magnitude earthquake of 26 December 2004 that occurred off the northwest coast of Sumatra in Indonesia was the third largest earthquake ever recorded. With an epicenter located near the Indonesian island of Sumatra, the quake was generated as a result of the sliding of a portion of the India plate beneath the Burma plate (Risk Management Solution, 2006). The result was a fault rupture, displacing the seafloor (Figure 1) and a large volume of the ocean, triggering devastating waves that hit the coastline of 11 Indian Ocean countries (Bilham 2005). The tsunami waves travelled across the Indian Ocean with an average velocity of 640 km/h (Rossetto 2007). However, tsunami waves tend to behave differently in deep water than in shallow water (Rossetto 2007). Once the tsunami reaches shallow water along the coastline, the wave velocity decreases while its amplitude increases significantly from the mass amount of energy built by the wave, causing even more destructive waves and substantial inland inundation (Rossetto 2007). In Aceh, north of the island of Sumatra, wave height reached 24 meters once it hit the shores and rose up to 30 meters inland, with a maximum wave height recorded to be 60 meters (Paris 2007). Being the landmass closest to the epicenter of the earthquake, Aceh province was the hardest hit area from the eastward-moving tsunami followed by Sri Lanka because of non-existing landmass between it and the epicenter of the quake to protect the coastlines (Athykorala 2005). The fault rupture of the earthquake was in a north-south orientation, which meant that the strength of the tsunami was greatest in east-west direction (Athykorala 2005). Hence, despite being located near the epicenter, some regions escaped the worst from the tsunami given their position relative to the fault rupture. With this said, Somalia was hit harder than Bangladesh despite being farther away from the epicenter (Athykorala 2005). Depending on the distances involved, the tsunami could propagate up to hours before reaching some coastlines. Aceh, Nicobar and Andaman were among the first regions to feel the effect of the tsunami, eventually hitting coastal regions of Thailand, Myanmar, India, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Somalia, Kenya and Tanzania (Figure 2). At last, its effects were also detected along the west coast of North and South America, which includes Vancouver and British Columbia. Causes A tsunami is produced by a sudden vertical shift of the seafloor causing a displacement of a massive volume of water, usually an ocean. Depending on the size of the sea floor displacement, it will have a different impact on wave formation from the surface water. These displacements can be a result of underwater disturbances such as earthquake, volcanic eruption, meteorite impact and landslide (National Geographic). As for the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, a 9.0 magnitude earthquake triggered it and caused an estimated 1600 km of fault line slipped about 15 meters along the zone where the Indian plate subducts beneath the Burma plate (Rossetto 2007). As the northern rupture continued, it transformed from a subduction (Figure 3) to a strike-slip fault; two plates slide pass one another in opposite direction. With this said, displacement caused by this earthquake generated a tsunami that ranks among the deadliest natural disasters ever occurred. Impacts Beyond the heavy toll of human lives, the Indian Ocean Tsunami has caused severe economical, environmental and psychological consequences, which will affect the regions for upcoming years. With 174 500 casualties, 51 000 missing and roughly 1.5 million displaced, the toll of human casualties from this tsunami has no modern historical equal (Risk Management Solution 2006). Among the countries hit by the tsunami, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand and India were left with the most serious damage and death tolls. The aftermath of the tsunami was even worse than anticipated with deaths recorded as far as 8000 km away from the epicenter, along the east coast of Africa. Thousands of individuals were carried away by the waves into the open sea and the ones who survived were left with no food or clean water and open wounds (National Geographic 2005). Given a high risk of famine and epidemic diseases, the level of death increased significantly (National Geographic 2005). With this said, given the extent of the disaster, it instantly spurred international support and assistance through financial and humanitarian aid for the people affected by the tsunami (National Geographic 2005) A humanitarian campaign was quickly put in place to provide temporary sanitation facilities, nutrition and fresh water to contain the spread of diseases (National Geographic 2005). The main economic impacts of the Indian Ocean Tsunami were the damage inflicted to the fishing and tourism industry. As a result of the tsunami, marine fishery and aquaculture harvests of affected nations were severely depressed (UKabc 2006). This was in part due to lack of fishing stocks, but also damage to necessary equipment such as fishing boats and gear (UKabc 2006). As a major economic activity and a provider of foreign exchange income, fishing also provided employment to a large span of individuals. This disaster lead to high income loss for coastal fishing communities that relied heavily on fishing seasons as their primary source of income. In addition, water surges and flooding (Figure 4) destroyed many important buildings and properties along the coasted cities that were affected, including touristic resorts (Risk Management Solution 2006). Although, most tourist infrastructures remained intact following the tsunami, tourism industry faced numerous cancellations (Rossetto 2007). Thus, the loss suffered by the fishing and tourism sector will have long-lasting economic consequences for these coastal regions. The tsunami impacts on the environment were both widespread and destructive (Figure 5). The main effect on the natural environment includes critical damage inflicted on the ecosystems from the salt-contamination of freshwater supplies and soil (Athykorala 2005). Seawater contaminated wells and invaded porous rocks on which stricken communities depended for water (Rossetto 2007). Hence, unless seawater can easily be pumped out, these communities were likely to depend on outside aid for water and food for upcoming months. In addition, an increased salt concentration in the soil will have a damaging effect on plants causing them to wilt and die (Athykorala 2005). As a result, some plantation sites were completely destroyed and would take several years before full recovery. This tsunami can have an immediate devastating impact on the psychological and social well being of individuals exposed to it. Such disaster results in tremendous destruction, but also creates concern for mental health of the survivors. There was great concern over the youngsters because children and adolescents are considered to be more vulnerable than adults to such traumatic events (Bhushan 2007). Within the first 6 months following it, 23-30% of children were diagnosed with full and persistent symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorders (Bhushan 2007). This can impede with their psychological functioning, which is critical for their future development. Actions Although the tsunami could not be prevented, its impact could have been mitigated. Unlike earthquakes, tsunamis can be detected in advance from a Tsunami Warning System that uses a network of ocean-floor and surface sensors (Sausmarez 2005). However, such warning system did not exist in the Indian Ocean back in 2004, which left individuals of affected nations completely surprised by the tsunami (Sausmarez 2005). No effective communication infrastructure was available to warn population on the coastlines. Following this natural disaster, an important issue arises about the population’s education of warning signs and precautions that can be taken to reduce the likelihood of death during a tsunami. For instance, if individuals had a better understanding of tsunamis, it could have saved thousands of lives. For example, they should be able to recognize that a receding sea is an indication of impending danger (Athykorala 2005). With this said, improving public awareness could be beneficial in that it prepares them to react accordingly to protect their lives and lives of others. At a United Nations conference in 2005, an agreement was made upon establishing a Tsunami Warning System in the Indian Ocean (Sausmarez 2005). This system of warnings has been active since 2006 (Unescopress 2006). Conclusion The 26th December 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami ranks as the most devastating tsunami ever with over 225 000 deaths. Concerns resulting from this tsunami include damage inflicted on the natural environment, vegetation, buildings and other man-made structures, but more importantly on life. Although this event caused large economic and social consequences, it led to inevitable improvement and development of measures to reduce risk of life and economic losses. For instance, in order to reduce the vulnerability of individuals and properties on exposed coastlines, a warning system has been implemented in the Indian Ocean and will lead to improved communication in such situation. In addition, a lack of knowledge, preparedness and mitigation strategies also justifies the significant death tolls. Thus, program of mitigation and preparedness should be put into place in order to educate individuals to better cope when facing such a disaster. Finally, given that this tsunami has a return period of longer than 500 years; it is unlikely that a natural disaster of this magnitude will occur in the near future. Nevertheless, if it were to happen, these nations have the necessary protective measures to cope. Bibliography Top of Form Bottom of Form Athykorala, P., Resosudarmo, B. (December 01, 2005). The Indian Ocean Tsunami: Economic Impact, Disaster Management, and Lessons. Asian Economic Papers, 4, 1, 1-39. Top of Form Rossetto, T., Peiris, N., Pomonis, A., Wilkinson, S., Re, D., Koo, R., Gallocher, S. (January 01, 2007). The Indian Ocean tsunami of December 26, 2004: observations in Sri Lanka and Thailand. Natural Hazards, 42, 1, 105-124. Top of Form Nirupama, N. (January 01, 2009). Socio-economic implications based on interviews with fishermen following the Indian Ocean tsunami. Natural Hazards, 48, 1, 1-9. De Sausmarez, N. (January 01, 2005). The Indian Ocean Tsunami. Tourism and Hospitality: Planning Development, 2, 1, 55-59. Paris, R., Lavigne F., Wassimer P. Sartohadi J. (2007). Coastal sedimentation associated with the December 26, 2004 tsunami in Lhok Nga, west Banda Aceh (Sumatra, Indonesia). Marine Geology 238 (1-4): 93-106 Bilham, Roger. A Flying Start, Then a Slow Slip. Science. Vol 308, No. 5725, 1126-1127. May 20, 2005. Top of Form Bhushan, B., Kumar, J. S. (May 01, 2007). Emotional Distress and Posttraumatic Stress in Children Surviving the 2004 Tsunami. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 12, 3, 245-257. Bottom of Form UKabc. (2006). Indian Ocean Tsunamis Devastate Fisherfolk. UK Agricultural Biodiversity Coalition. Retrived November 1, 2001, from http://www.ukabc.org/tsunamis.htm Risk Management Solution. (2006). Managing Tsunami Risk in the Aftermath of the 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake Tsunami. Retrived November 1, 2011, from http://www.disastersrus.org/emtools/tsunami/IndianOceanTsunamiReport.pdf National Geographic. (January 07, 2005). The Deadliest Tsunami in History? National Geographic News. Retrieved November 1, 2011, from http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/12/1227_041226_tsunami.html Unescopress. (2006). Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning system up and running. Building peace in the minds of men and women. Retrieved November 1, 2011, from http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=33442URL_DO=DO_TOPICURL_SECTION=201.html National Geographic. (n.d). Tsunamis. National Geographic News. Retrieved November 1, 2001, from http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/natural-disasters/tsunami-profile/ USGC. (n.d). Magnitude 9.1 – Off the West Coast of Northern Sumatra. Science for a changing world. Retrieved November 1, 2001, from http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/eq_depot/2004/eq_041226/neic_slav_l.html National Geographic. (n.d) Tsunami. National Geographic New. Retrieved November 1, 2001, from http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/photos/tsunami-general/#/tsunami01-coastal-flooding_21847_600x450.jpg USGS. (n.d). Details of Tsunami Generation. Pacific Coastal Marine Science Center. Retrieved November 1, 2001, from http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/tsunami/sumatraEQ/model.html

Sociological Theory: Positivistic, Interpretative, And Critical Essay

Sociological Theory: Positivistic, Interpretative, and Critical Comment on the three types of sociological theories, explain and argue, based on your library or Internet research, which type of theory is the most appropriate theory for sociology to adopt. The three general types of sociological theory are positivistic, interpretive and critical theory.In determining which theory is the most appropriate for sociology to adopt,a basic understanding of each theory's strengths and weaknesses is necessary.In defining each of these theories, it is important to determine the ontological basis orthe theory's basis for determining what is knowable; the epistemological basis or the theory's relationship between the knower and the knowable; and, finally, the methodological basis or the theory's method for gathering data and obtaining knowledge. A.POSITIVISTIC 1.Ontology. The positivistic theory is based on an ontology ofbeing a realist.The realistic slant of positivism is also known as determinism.The positivist knows that a reality is "out there" to be defined and categorized.The hard sciences from the time of Newton and Decartes have traditionally relied on the positivistic approach.The positivist hopes to be able to approximate "reality" in a detailed generalization or theory on how reality operates.The theories of a positivist generallytake the form of cause and effect laws describing the outside reality.Robert Merton defined these theorems as "clear verifiable statements of the relationships between specified variables." 2.Epistemology. Positivism relies onan objective epistemology.The observer remains distant and does not interact with the observation or experiment.Values and any other factors that might lead to bias are to be carefully removed so that the cold, monological gaze of science can be used to analyze the data.The positivist is an objectivist. 3.Methodology. The methodology of positivism is experimental and manipulative. The approach is the same as propounded in most junior high science classes:begin with a hypothesis on how "reality" works, then gather data and test the data against the hypothesis.The question propounded initially is tested against empirical data gathered in the experiment under carefully controlled conditions. B.INTERPRETIVE 1.Ontology. The interpretivist ontology is relativism.The... ...late objectivity. This is not the same as objectivism.Each has its own "norms for proceeding with a particular form of inquiry in a rational manner."However, because of the orientation of each theory, the end results will vary. Based upon these difference, critical theory does not seem to be a theory that should be adopted by sociologists.It belongs more in the realm of politics and legislation.Critical theory in that context could take advantage of scientific inquiry by both positivistic and interpretive sociologists to make determinations about social change.If indeed critical theorist are to be involved in sociological study, full disclosure of prejudices and objectives would be needed for any inquiry to be beneficial and trustworthy. Postpositivism remains the best approach for observing the exteriors of society.Coupled with the interpretivist's view of the interior culture, the two theories working hand in hand would be most beneficial for the sociologist in examining society.Utilizing a dual approach would be the most comprehensive and give the scientific inquiry both depth and span in evaluating our societies and creating a useable body of sociological research.

Baldwin Bicycle Company: Background of the Study

BA-561 MAC Abdulgaffur G. Deki Oscar M. Inocencio Chester V. Lagutin Felomena C. Baal Edsel Cariz J. Tiu 12 October 2012 â€Å"Baldwin Bicycle Company† Background of the Study: Baldwin Bicycle Company (BBC) is a full-line bicycle manufacturing company with 40 years of experience. In 1982, BBC has revenue of over $10M for 98,791 units produced. BBC exclusively distributes through independently-owned retailers, their bicycles are known for their above-average quality. In May 1983, a rapid-growing Northwestern discount retail chain, Hi-Valu, Suzanne Leister, VP Marketing, proposed a private-label agreement.Under this program, BBC would manufacture the Challenger line of bicycles exclusively for Hi-Valu. The Challenger line was to be a low-priced value bicycle, sold at retail prices under BBC’s normal product lines. Statement of the problem: What is the overall impact to the company if BBC will accept the proposal in terms of? a. ) PROFIT b. ) RETURN ON SALES c. ) RETURN ON ASSETS d. ) RETURN ON EQUITY Objectives: 1. To be able to show and analyze the proposal depending on the result which will be used to serve as a basis for making decisions. 2.To determine the total relevant cost in producing additional orders for Hi-Valu. Areas of consideration: 1. BBC sales over the next three years would be 100,000 bikes a year if they will forego the Hi-Valu deal. 2. If BBC will accept the offer, 3,000 units will be lost in regular sales volume a year. 3. According to Ms Leister, Vice President for Marketing, she was acutely aware that the â€Å"bicycle boom† had fattened out, and that poor economy had caused Baldwin sales volume to fall. 4. BBC was currently operating its plant at about 75% of capacity meaning, 75,000 units is currently produced. excess capacity 25,000 units) 5. The contract between BBC and Hi-Valu is for three years and will be automatically extended on a year to year basis, unless one party gave notice that it did not wish to extend th e contract. 6. Most of BBC sales were into independently toy stores and bicycles shops, BBC had never before distributed to its product to department store. Its BBC’s first time to deal such client. 7. Hi-Valu wanted to purchase bikes from BBC at lower prices that the wholesale prices of comparable bikes sold through Baldwin usual channels. 8.If the proposal will pursue BBC requirement for purchasing, inventory and production cost will increased. 9. Hi-Valu would hold the units on consignment in its own warehouses and withhold payment until delivery to a specific store. 10. A bicycle would be paid within 30 days once a bicycle was shipped to a specific store or 120 days had elapsed in the regional warehouse. Alternative courses of action: 1. Reject proposal RISKS: a. ) BBC may face continually declining sales due to a poor economy. b. ) BBC will continue to produce at only 75% production capacity. c. Another disadvantage is that the offer price of Hi-Valu was lower than the r egular selling price. d. ) There is an additional cost involved in producing additional units from Hi-Valu the $5,000 additional cost plus the asset related cost. e. ) The possibility that the current dealers of BBC might drop-out line if they find that BBC is making bikes for Hi-Valu. f. ) The freight charge will be shouldered by BBC until it reached the destination of Hi-Valu warehouse. g. ) additional from regular sales of 3,000 units from regular costumers. ADVANTAGES: a. ) Maintain loyalty from current distributors . ) Maintain 40-year reputation for above average quality and price. 2. Accept Proposal RISKS: a. ) Current dealers may drop Baldwin line. b. ) Current dealers may request a similar product c. ) Putting faith in a new product d. ) BBC may find itself with an abundance of Challenger-specific inventory e. ) Extra costs may result in having to use cheaper materials f. ) Loss of â€Å"street cred† ADVANTAGES: a. ) Greater penetration of the mark through new market segments b. ) I f Baldwin name is not on the Challenger bike, BBC’s reputation may not be damaged c. Strong Challenger sales may balance weak Baldwin sales d. ) With Challenger line, BBC will be producing at a higher capacity Recommendation: The group recommends the alternative courses of action number two which state Accept the Proposal. The followi ng computations was the basis of the recommendation. Potential Problem Analysis: 1. Additional cost is involved. 2. Lost additional sales from the costumers 3. Additional investment to finance additional increase in receivables, inventories, record-keeping,tax inventory, handling labor and equipment, possible obsolescence and or damage.