Determination Of Water Crystalization Essay

I. Aim To determine the formula of the hydrate of copper (II) sulfate.II. HypothesisHydrates ar ionic compounds that have a definite add up of water as part of their structure. The water is chemically combined with the salt in a definite ratio. Ratios vary in different hydrates but are specific for any given hydrate.In this experiment, the hydrate of copper sulfate has the formula CuSO4.xH20. When it is heated, the water is released as vapor and we can describe the reaction as belowHydrate Anhydrous salt + SaltCuSO4.xH20 CuSO4 + xH20The amount of water in the hydrate is determined by taking the difference between the atomic reactor of the hydrate before and after heated. Then, the percentage composition of water can be calculated basing on its mass. According to usual theory, hydrated copper sulfate has the following formula CuSO4.5H2O. Therefore, the result collected from the experiment should be x = 5.III. Equipment/Chemical1. Equipment* 1 x Evaporating supply* 1 x Pipe-clay tr iplicity* Some crucible tongs* 1 x Pressed fiber pad* 1 x Digital balance (uncertainty 0.001g)* 1 x Spatula* 1 x Glass stirring rod* 1 x Bunsen burner* 1 x Tripod stand2. Chemical Hydrated copper (II) sulfateIV. Variables* indie the mass of hydrated salt.* Dependent the percentage composition of water in the hydrate.* Control room temperature, capacity of fire gas, standard equipment.V. Method1. Clean and ironic evaporating peach tree.2. Set up a Bunsen burner under a tripod stand with a pipe-clay triangle on top.3. Place the empty evaporating dish on the clay triangle and heat the dish with the hottest flame for 3 minutes. This is done to be sure that the dish is absolutely dry.4. Use tongs to remove the dish from the clay triangle and then place it on a pressed fiber pad so that it can cool for several minutes.5. Use a digital balance to determine the mass of the cooled evaporating dish. embark this mass to the kindred number of decimal places as the uncertainty of the balanc e (0.001g), in other words, the mensural mass will have 3 decimal places. Remember not to weigh the dish when it is hot because heat waves tend to be circular and upward, which tends to show objects appear to weigh less.6. With the dish on the balance, put into it a specific amount of hydrated copper sulfate make sure that the amount of hydrated copper sulfate is less than half full of the dish. Be sure the spatula is very clean to avoid contamination. Record the mass of the dish with the hydrate to the same number of decimal places as the uncertainty of the balance.7. Place the dish on the clay triangle. Gently heat the dish by moving the burner bark and frontward around the base. Increase the heat gradually. Avoid any popping and spattering.8. Heat strongly for 5 minutes or until all of the blue color has disappeared. During the heating, a glass stirring rod should be used to spread the solid and break up larger portions of the hydrate. Be sure not to pick up any of the solid o n the stirring rod. If the edges of the solid appear to be turning brown, remove the heat momentarily and resume heating with a cooler flame.9. Allow the dish to cool for 2 minutes. Immediately find the mass of the dish with the anhydrous salt, and record the mass to the same number of decimal places as the uncertainty of the balance. The dish must be weighed before the compound reabsorbs water from the atmosphere.10. Calculate the initial amount of hydrated copper sulfate before heated. Record the answer to the same number of decimal places as its calculated uncertainty.11. Determine the amount of vaporized water. Record the answer to the same number of decimal places as its calculated uncertainty.12. Then, the value of x can be found basing on the formula ratio.13. When finish, the anhydrous salt can be thrown into the waste container and the evaporating dish washed.